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Chrysanthemum

Basic Details

Description

Floral Formula

Features

Translations

Basic Details

NameChrysanthemum

DescriptionBeloved fall-blooming perennial celebrated for its profuse, colorful flowers that brighten gardens when most plants have finished blooming, appearing from late summer through fall until first frost. Native to China where it has been cultivated for over 3,000 years, holding deep cultural significance in Asia as symbol of longevity and joy. Available in countless flower forms from simple daisies to elaborate pompons, spiders, and decorative types in vibrant colors including yellow, white, red, purple, pink, orange, and bronze.

FamilyAsteraceae

GenusChrysanthemum

TribeAnthemideae

Floral Formula & Features

Floral FormulaEBr ⊕ ☿ K0 C(5) A(5) G̅(2)

Ebracteate (no bracts), Actinomorphic (radially symmetrical), bisexual, no calyx (pappus may be present), 5 fused petals (ray or disc florets), 5 stamens with fused anthers forming tube around style (syngenesious), 2 fused carpels with inferior ovary typical of Asteraceae

Features

Name 'Chrysanthemum' from Greek 'chrysos' (gold) and 'anthemon' (flower), meaning golden flower. 'Morifolium' means mulberry-leaved. In China called 'ju hua', one of Four Gentlemen in Chinese art symbolizing nobility
Composite flower heads 1-6 inches (2.5-15 cm) across made of ray florets (petal-like) surrounding disc florets (center). Forms include pompon (ball-shaped), spider (thin petals), decorative (broad petals), anemone (cushion center), and single (daisy-like)
Herbaceous perennial blooming late summer through fall (August-November) until frost. Short-day plant - flowers when days are 12 hours or less. Pinching stems until mid-July encourages bushier growth. Dies back in winter, re-emerges in spring
Grows 1-3 feet (30-90 cm) tall and wide forming bushy clumps. Lifespan of 3-5 years, divide every 2-3 years for vigor. Propagated by division in spring or cuttings. Deeply lobed, aromatic dark green leaves
Native to China and East Asia where cultivated for over 3,000 years. Introduced to Japan in 8th century, became imperial symbol. Spread to Europe in 17th century, North America in 18th century. Now cultivated worldwide
Requires full sun (5-6 hours minimum) for best flowering. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil pH 6.5-7.0. Needs consistent moisture. Hardy zones 5-9, though hardiness varies by cultivar. Many sold as annuals
November birth flower symbolizing loyalty and honesty. In Asia represents longevity, joy, nobility. Part of Japanese emperor's crest. Edible flowers used in teas. Attracts bees and butterflies providing late-season nectar
Toxic to dogs, cats, horses if ingested. Excellent cut flowers lasting 7-14 days. Deadhead spent blooms. Mulch over winter in cold climates. Shallow roots require frequent watering. Water at base to prevent fungal diseases

Names in Different Languages

Latin / ScientificChrysanthemum

English (Alternate)Mum, Chrysanths, Florist's Daisy, Hardy Garden Mum, Decorative Chrysanthemum

Hindiगुलदाउदी (Guldaudi), शेवंती (Shevanti), सेबाती (Sebati)

Tamilசாமந்தி (Saamandhi), செவ்வந்திப்பூ (Sevvandhipoo)

Teluguచామంతి (Chamanti)

Malayalamജമന്തി (Jamanthi)

Kannadaಸೇವಂತಿಗೆ (sevantige), ಶಾವಂತಿಗೆ (shavanthige)

Sanskritसेवन्तीका (Sevantika), बाहुपत्रिका (Bahupatrika)

Bengaliচন্দ্রমল্লিকা (Chandra Mallika), শেফালিকা (Shefalika), চন্দ্রমুখী (Chandramukhi)

Frenchchrysanthème

Russianхризантема (khrizantema)

Spanishcrisantemo

GermanChrysantheme

What is Floral Formula?

A floral formula is a symbolic representation of a flower's structure using letters, numbers, and special symbols. It provides a concise way to describe the arrangement and number of floral parts.

Example Formula

% K(6) C1+2+(2) A(9) G₂

This formula describes the flower's symmetry, sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels in a standardized format.